In 1881, French engineer Gustave Trouvé invented the first electric car, a three-wheeled vehicle powered by a lead-acid battery and driven by a DC motor. Today, electric vehicles have undergone tremendous changes and are of various types.
Electric vehicles can be divided into electric bicycles, electric two-wheeled vehicles, electric tricycles, elderly scooters, etc. However, the main body is basically composed of four major parts: batteries, electric hubs, controllers, chargers, and the body. Electric vehicles, that is, electric-driven vehicles, are also known as electric-driven vehicles. Electric vehicles are divided into AC electric vehicles and DC electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are usually referred to as vehicles that use batteries as energy sources and convert electrical energy into mechanical energy movement through controllers, motors and other components to control the current size and change the speed.
The main part of an electric vehicle is the battery, which can generally be divided into lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries. Lead-acid batteries are secondary batteries whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides. Its electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. The main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead. The price is relatively cheap, the voltage is relatively stable, the fault is easy to repair, and the manufacturing is relatively convenient. The energy density of lead-acid batteries is roughly around 50-70Wh/kg, and lithium batteries can reach 300Wh/kg. The huge gap in energy density is the fundamental reason why lithium-ion batteries can become power batteries. The number of charging cycles of lead-acid batteries is only about 300 times, the number of charging cycles of ternary lithium batteries can reach 1,000 times, and the number of charging cycles of lithium iron phosphate batteries is as high as 2,000 times or more. If lead-acid batteries are used as power batteries, it is estimated that the battery needs to be replaced once every one or two years, and the cost of battery replacement is not small.
So even if the cost is lower than that of lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries have no cost-effectiveness in front of lithium-ion batteries. This is also the reason why electric vehicles choose lithium-ion batteries as power batteries.
